DIRECT
& INDIRECT SPEECH
# Reporting :
(present tense)
Reported : tidak berubah, hanya subjek/objek pada reportednya
disesuaikan dengan reportingnya.
1.
DS : s + v1s/es,
"s + aux …"
IS : s + v1s/es + that + s + aux
…
2.
DS : s + v1s/es,
"s + v1 / v1s/es / v2 …
IS : s + v1s/es + that + s + v1
/ v1s/es / v2 …
# Reporting :
(past tense)
Reported :
- present tense (s + v1s/es)
>>> past tense (s + v2)
-
past tense (s + v2) >>> past perfect tense (s + had
+v3)
-
past perfect tense >>> tetap
-
aux1 >>> aux2
-
modal2 >>> tetap
1.
DS : s + v2,
"s + aux1 …"
IS : s + v2 + that + s + aux2
…
2.
DS : s + v2,
"s + v1 / v1s/es …"
IS : s + v2 + that + s + v2
…
3.
DS : s + v2,
"s + modal2 …"
IS : s + v2 + that + s + modal2
…
4.
DS : s + v2,
"s + v2 …"
IS : s + v2 + that + s + had + v3
…
5.
DS : s + v2,
"s + had + v3 …"
IS : s + v2 + that + s + had + v3
…
# Reporting :
aux (to be, to have, to do, modals)
Reported : mengunakan kata penghubung "if /
whether" (apakah).
1.
DS : s + v1s/es, "aux +
s …?"
IS : s
+ v1s/es + if / whether + s + aux …
2.
DS : s + v1s/es, do / does /
did + s + v1 …?"
IS : s
+ v1s/es + if / whether + s + v1s/es / v2 …
3.
DS : s + v2, "aux1 + s
…?"
IS : s
+ v2 + if / whether + s + aux2 …
4.
DS : s + v2, "do / does
+ s + v1 …?"
IS : s
+ v2 + if / whether + s + v2 …
5.
DS : s + v2, "did + s +
v1 …?"
IS : s
+ v2 + if / whether + s + had + v3 …
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